Background: Validity evidence based on response processes was first introduced explicitly
as a source of validity evidence in the latest edition of Standards for Educational and …

Since test items are the building blocks of any test, learning how to develop and validate test
items has always been critical to the teaching-learning process. As they grow in importance …

The purpose of this book is to present methods for developing, evaluating and maintaining
rater-mediated assessment systems. Rater-mediated assessments involve ratings that are …

Recognition in the public culture of the powerful role of collective memory, awareness of
rapid demographic changes, and the ubiquity of conflicts over recognition, reparation, and …

We provide a tutorial on differential item functioning (DIF) analysis, an analytic method
useful for identifying potentially biased items in assessments. After explaining a number of …

Objectives: Measure modification can impact comparability of scores across groups and
settings. Changes in items can affect the percent admitting to a symptom. Methods: Using …

The current theory about validity reflected in the Standards for Educational and
Psychological Testing (AERA et al. in Standards for educational and psychological testing …

Validity is a clear, substantive introduction to the two most fundamental aspects of defensible
testing practice: understanding test score meaning and justifying test score use. Driven by …

In this chapter, we provide a brief overview of validity theory, focusing on its evolution from
the early 20th century to the current era. Next, we discuss test validation—the process of …

Comparing group is one of the key uses of large-scale assessment results, which are used
to gain insights to inform policy and practice and to examine the comparability of scores and …