Mitochondria are a main source of cellular energy. Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is
the major process of aerobic respiration. Enzyme complexes of the electron transport chain …

The carotid body (CB) is the main peripheral chemoreceptor for arterial respiratory gases O2
and CO2 and pH, eliciting reflex ventilatory, cardiovascular, and humoral responses to …

Astrocytes provide neurons with essential metabolic and structural support, modulate
neuronal circuit activity and may also function as versatile surveyors of brain milieu, tuned to …

Brain cells continuously produce and release protons into the extracellular space, with the
rate of acid production corresponding to the levels of neuronal activity and metabolism …

Animal behavior was classically considered to be determined exclusively by neuronal
activity, whereas surrounding glial cells such as astrocytes played only supportive roles …

Astrocytes are known to influence neuronal activity through different mechanisms, including
the homeostatic control of extracellular levels of ions and neurotransmitters and the …

The speed of impulse transmission is critical for optimal neural circuit function, but it is
unclear how the appropriate conduction velocity is established in individual axons. The …

The ventral surface of the rostral medulla oblongata has been suspected since the 1960s to
harbor central respiratory chemoreceptors [ie, acid-activated neurons that regulate breathing …

Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the brain. They were long considered only as
passive support for neuronal cells. However, recent data have revealed many active roles …

Although myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) has a specific and
distinctive profile of clinical features, the disease remains an enigma because causal …