Profound and debilitating fatigue is the most common complaint reported among individuals
with autoimmune disease, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, type 1 …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) with a well-documented
role in the innate and adaptive immune responses. Interestingly, TLR activation has also …

Errors in neuron-microglial interaction are known to lead to microglial phagocytosis of live
neurons and excessive neuronal loss, potentially yielding poorer clinical outcomes. Factors …

Evidence of poor sleep quality in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD, ie, Crohn's disease and
ulcerative colitis) has been reported but never systematically reviewed or meta-analysed …

The intestinal barrier, with its multiple layers, is the first line of defense between the outside
world and the intestine. Its disruption, resulting in increased intestinal permeability, is a …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis
(UC), is a disease associated with dysbiosis, resulting in compromised intestinal epithelial …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a group of membrane vesicles that play important roles in
cell-to-cell and interspecies/interkingdom communications by modulating the …

Background Disruptions of brain-gut axis have been implicated in the progression of a
variety of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders and central nervous system (CNS) diseases and …

Most gastrointestinal diseases and disorders (GIDD) are associated with depression,
anxiety, and cognitive dysfunction. This suggests that shared features of GIDD, particularly …

Background Patients with chronic inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel
disease frequently experience neurological complications including epilepsy, depression …