Background: The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) has emerged as one
of the most important autonomic control centers in the brain, with neurons playing essential …

The autonomic nervous system and its sympathetic arm play important roles in the
regulation of blood pressure. 1–3 Their role in the short-term regulation of blood pressure …

The paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH) contains many neurons that innervate the
brainstem, but information regarding their target sites remains incomplete. Here we labeled …

Background: Vasopressin is essential for cardiovascular homeostasis, acting via the kidney
to regulate water resorption, on the vasculature to regulate smooth muscle tone, and as a …

It is now well accepted that the sympathetic nervous system responds to specific afferent
stimuli in a unique non‐uniform fashion. The means by which the brain transforms the …

The long‐term level of arterial pressure is dependent on the relationship between arterial
pressure and the urinary output of salt and water, which, in turn, is affected by a number of …

It is now well established that brain plasticity is an inherent property not only of the
developing but also of the adult brain. Numerous beneficial effects of exercise, including …

The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) is a complex effector structure that
initiates endocrine and autonomic responses to stress. It receives inputs from visceral …

In spite of significant progress in pharmacotherapy the incidence of newly diagnosed cases
of cardiovascular diseases and cardiovascular morbidity is alarmingly high. Treatment of …

Activation of the immune system and derangement of cardiorespiratory neural control are
established elements of the complex pathophysiology of chronic heart failure (CHF). The …