Motion sickness is a complex syndrome that includes many features besides nausea and
vomiting. This review describes some of these factors and points out that under normal …

Muscle force production occurs within an environment of tissues that exhibit spring-like
behavior, and this elasticity is a critical determinant of muscle performance during …

Endurance runners are often advised to use 90 strides min− 1, but how optimal is this stride
frequency and why? Endurance runners are also often advised to maintain short strides and …

The need to move over uneven terrain is a daily challenge. In order to face unexpected
perturbations due to changes in the morphology of the terrain, the central nervous system …

Humans and birds use very different running styles. Unlike humans, birds adopt “grounded
running” at intermediate speeds—a running gait where at least one foot always maintains …

Cursorial ground birds are paragons of bipedal running that span a 500-fold mass range
from quail to ostrich. Here we investigate the task-level control priorities of cursorial birds by …

We developed a three-dimensional, biomechanical computer model of the 36 major pelvic
limb muscle groups in an ostrich (Struthio camelus) to investigate muscle function in this, the …

Background Powered exoskeletons are a promising approach to restore the ability to walk
after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, current exoskeletons remain limited in their walking …

We developed a three‐dimensional, computational biomechanical model of a juvenile Nile
crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) pelvis and hindlimb, composed of 47 pelvic limb muscles, to …

This paper studies underwater legged locomotion (ULL) by means of a robotic octopus-
inspired prototype and its associated model. Two different types of propulsive actions are …