Global seismographic networks (GSNs) emerged during the late nineteenth and early
twentieth centuries, facilitated by seminal international developments in theory, technology …

A robust knowledge of seismic anisotropy beneath the continents is essential to our
understanding of plate tectonic theory, as anisotropy provides a unique constraint on the …

Observations of seismic anisotropy yield some of the most direct constraints available on
both past and present-day deformation in the Earth's mantle. Insight into the character of …

In this section the contribution of CPO to seismic anisotropy in the deep Earth with cases of
olivine and the role of melt is illustrated. The CPO in rocks of upper-mantle origin is now well …

The nature of the stable phase of iron in the Earth's solid inner core is still highly
controversial. Laboratory experiments suggest the possibility of an uncharacterized phase …

The Earth's solid inner core exhibits strong anisotropy,,,,, with wave velocity dependent on
the direction of propagation due to the preferential alignment of iron crystals. Variations in …

Seismic observations provide strong evidence that Earth's inner core is anisotropic, with
larger velocity in the polar than in the equatorial direction. The top 60–80 km of the inner …

Seismic anisotropy has been found in many regions of the Earth's interior. Its presence in the
Earth's crust has been known since the 19th century, and is due in part to the alignment of …

Probing the Earth's center is critical for understanding planetary formation and evolution.
However, geophysical inferences have been challenging due to the lack of seismological …

Earth's solid inner core is surrounded by a convecting liquid outer core, creating the
geodynamo driving the planet's magnetic field. Seismic studies using compressional body …