Buildings account for a significant proportion of global energy demand, which is testament to
population growth and changes to life patterns. Experts in energy studies have continued to …

Aluminum windows are crucial components of building envelopes since they connect the
indoor space to the external environment. Various external causes degrade or harm the …

Recent studies have shown that, poorly maintained vertical greenery systems (VGS) have a
high fire risk and a tendency to cause very high heat release rates (HRR) in a case of fire …

Understanding wood combustion has become increasingly critical as fire safety engineering
moves toward a performance‐based approach to building design. Although different kinetic …

Vertical greenery systems (VGS) are promoted as a nature-based solution to mitigate the
urban heat island effect. In order to ensure the long-term provision of this function …

Recent studies have shown that vertical greenery systems (VGS) carry a significant fire
threat when not properly looked after. Building on this, the fire hazard of VGS was compared …

The rapid growth of the urban population and the increasing energy consumption of
buildings due to global urbanization have led to a significant environmental impact …

As cities around the globe strive towards becoming “smart” and sustainable, the integration
of green facades into smart building design has emerged as a viable solution to address …

This research addresses the issue of smoke generation of building energy storage and
energy harvesting materials in case of fire. Despite the growing concern for fire safety, our …

Water wall systems (WWSs) are increasingly being used as glass façades in modern green
buildings owing to their enhancement in building energy efficiency. However, little is known …