RNA interference (RNAi)-based antiviral defense generates small interfering RNAs that
represent the entire genome sequences of both RNA and DNA viruses as well as viroids …

Viroids are one of the most enigmatic highly structured, circular, single‐stranded RNA
phytopathogens. Although they are not known to code for any peptide, viroids induce visible …

Fruit colour is a critical determinant for the appearance quality and commercial value of
apple fruits. Viroid‐induced dapple symptom severely affects the fruit coloration, however …

Viroids are pathogenic agents that have a small, circular noncoding RNA genome. They
have been found only in plant species; therefore, their infectivity and pathogenicity in other …

Virus-derived siRNAs (vsiRNAs) generated by the host RNA silencing mechanism are
effectors of plant's defense response and act by targeting the viral RNA and DNA in post …

Flowering is the most critical transition period in the whole lifecycle of plants, and it is a
highly sensitive period to stress. New combinations of temperature, drought stress, carbon …

RNA silencing refers to a conserved eukaryotic process and is regarded as one of the most
important processes in plants, with the ability to regulate gene expression both …

Viroids are non-encapsidated, single-stranded, circular RNAs consisting of 246–434
nucleotides. Despite their non-protein-encoding RNA nature, viroids replicate autonomously …

Viroids are tiny single-stranded circular RNA pathogens that infect plants. Viroids do not
encode any proteins, yet cause an assortment of symptoms. The following review describes …

Viroids are non-coding RNA plant pathogens that are characterized by their possession of a
high mutation level. Although the sequence heterogeneity in viroid infected plants is well …