A successful pregnancy requires multiple adaptations of the mother's physiology to optimize
fetal growth and development, to protect the fetus from adverse programming, to provide …

This paper is the 28th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over a quarter-century of research. It …

Over the past 40 years, it has been recognised that the maternal hypothalamic‐pituitary‐
adrenal (HPA) axis undergoes adaptations through pregnancy and lactation that might …

The time around birth is accompanied by behavioural and physiological adaptations of the
maternal brain, which ensure reproductive functions, maternal care and the survival of the …

This article addresses common questions that clinicians face when treating pregnant women
with opioid dependence. Guidance, based on both research evidence and the collective …

The hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis plays a key role in the neuroendocrine
response to stress and in maintaining physiological homoeostasis. However, stress that is …

Exposure to prenatal stress (PNS) can lead to long-lasting neurobiological and behavioral
consequences for the offspring, which may enhance the susceptibility for mental disorders …

Oxytocin released within the brain from both magnocellular and parvocellular systems of the
hypothalamus has diverse effects on behavior. When oxytocin is released within the brain …

Living in social groups is clearly beneficial for many species, often resulting in increased
survival, enhanced fitness of the group, and progression of brain development and cognitive …

Early life stress is believed to constitute a risk factor for the development of mood disorders
later in life. In the present study, we hypothesized that prenatal stress (PS) exerts long …