Major reactive oxygen species (ROS)–producing systems in vascular wall include NADPH
(reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase, xanthine oxidase …

Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are dioxygenases that catalyze the formation of corresponding
hydroperoxides from polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid and arachidonic acid …

Humans with metabolic and inflammatory diseases frequently harbour lower levels of
butyrate-producing bacteria in their gut. However, it is not known whether variation in the …

Metabolism of arachidonic acid leads to several families of lipid mediators, including
prostaglandins, thromboxane, leukotrienes, and lipoxins, along two major metabolic …

Based on the “free radical theory” of disease, researchers have been trying to elucidate the
role of oxidative stress from free radicals in cardiovascular disease. Considerable data …

At least 468 individual genes have been manipulated by molecular methods to study their
effects on the initiation, promotion, and progression of atherosclerosis. Most clinicians and …

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall driven by innate and
adaptive immune responses. Inflammation controls the development and the destabilization …

Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease of the arterial wall where both innate and adaptive
immunoinflammatory mechanisms are involved. Inflammation is central at all stages of …

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease in which endothelial cell dysfunction, macrophage
foam cell formation, and smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation, lead to the loss of …

The oxidative modification hypothesis of atherosclerosis, which assigns to oxidized low‐
density lipoproteins (LDLs) a crucial role in atherosclerosis initiation and progression, is still …