Currently, there is an intensive development of bipedal walking robots. The most known
solutions are based on the use of the principles of human gait created in nature during …

Abstract Purpose of Review As new technological advancements are made, humanoid
robots that utilise them are being designed and manufactured. For optimal design choices, a …

Until the 1970s, hydraulic actuators were widely used in many mechanical systems;
however, recently, electric motors have become mainstream by virtue of their improved …

Hydraulics is an old technology which is being applied in many applications including large
machinery, heavy industries, and early robotics. The traditional features of hydraulics that …

Hydraulics is a promising technology for robots. However, traditional hydraulic
infrastructures are often large and power-inefficient, with large power sources that hinder …

Although hydraulic systems are powerful, they are notorious for their power inefficiency and
the requirement of multiple components, such as a large hydraulic supply unit and control …

The hydraulic exoskeleton is one research hotspot in the field of robotics, which can take
heavy load due to the high power density of the hydraulic system. However, the traditional …

The design of humanoid robots naturally requires the simultaneous control of a high number
of joints. Moreover, the performance of the overall robot is strongly determined by the low …

The backdrivability of joints is a critical requirement for the robots that perform tasks in
uncertain environments. While series elastic actuators are intrinsically backdrivable, their …

The effects of mechanical system dynamics are often disregarded in the design process of
humanoid robots. Sophisticated control methods may compensate for some limitations of the …