Melatonin exhibits extraordinary diversity in terms of its functions and distribution. When
discovered, it was thought to be uniquely of pineal gland origin. Subsequently, melatonin …

Endometriosis is a common chronic inflammatory condition in which endometrial tissue
appears outside the uterine cavity. Because ectopic endometriosis cells express both …

Even if the Somatic Mutation Theory of carcinogenesis explains many of the relevant
experimental results in tumor origin and development, there are frequent events that are not …

Planarians are flatworms capable of whole-body regeneration, able to regrow any missing
body part after injury or amputation. The extraordinary regenerative capacity of planarians is …

Orofacial clefts (OFCs) have multiple etiologies and likely result from an interplay between
genetic and environmental factors. Within the last decade, studies have implicated specific …

Background Human mitochondrial DNA mutations are associated with common to rare
mitochondrial disorders, which are multisystemic with complex clinical pathologies. The …

Epigenetic regulation, mainly involving DNA methylation, histone modification, and
noncoding RNAs, affects gene expression without modifying the primary DNA sequence and …

Cell plasticity is important in development and tissue remodeling. Cells can sense physical
and chemical cues from their local microenvironment and transduce the signals into the …

The allogeneic transplantation of primordial germ cells (PGCs) derived from somatic cells
overcomes the limitation of avian cloning. Here, we transdifferentiate chicken embryo …

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are increasingly used for cell-based regenerative
therapies worldwide, with embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells as potential …