TIGIT, a co-inhibitory receptor found on T cells and NK cells, transmits inhibitory signals
upon binding to its ligand. This interaction suppresses the activation of various signaling …

Introduction: Pulmonary fibrosis is an irreversible condition that may be caused by known
(including viral triggers such as SARS-CoV-2) and unknown insults. The latter group …

Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous diseases affecting the lungs. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic
antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a histologically granulomatous B-mediated …

The characterization of frequency and phenotypes of natural killer (NK) cells and T cells in
BAL and peripheral blood of patients with sarcoidosis was evaluated, to discriminate the …

Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease mainly affecting the lungs and
hilomediastinal lymph nodes. It is characterized by non-caseating epithelioid cell …

Mass cytometry (MC) is a powerful method for mapping complex cellular systems at single-
cell levels, based on the detection of cellular proteins. Numerous studies have been …

The expression of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) has been shown to be
markedly increased in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. However, the proportion of PD-1+ T …

Lung transplant (LTX) patients are at high risk of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, which is
often associated with high mortality and morbidity. Reactivation of CMV causes cell injury …

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) can allow a specific diagnosis, or it can contribute to the
differential diagnosis between different lung diseases. BAL has diagnostic indication of …