Phage display is one of the important and effective molecular biology techniques and has
remained indispensable for research community since its discovery in the year 1985. As a …

Peptides are emerging as a new reliable class of therapeutics and, thanks to their lower cost
of production, they are becoming established as perfect drug aspirants. Here, we briefly …

Bacteriophages (phages for short) are viruses, which have bacteria as hosts. The single
phage body virion, is a colloidal particle, often possessing a dipole moment. As such …

Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) is treatment with a combination of several
antiretroviral drugs that block multiple stages in the virus replication cycle. An estimated 60 …

Tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) play a pivotal role in tumor establishment and progression,
and are emerging biomarkers for tumor diagnosis in personalized medicine. To date, there …

The antigen-mediated triggering of B cell receptor (BCR) activates the transcription factor NF-
κB that regulates the expression of genes involved in B cell differentiation, proliferation, and …

The pharmaceutical use of bacteriophages as safe and inexpensive therapeutic tools is
collecting renewed interest. The use of lytic phages to fight antibiotic-resistant bacterial …

Tumor interstitial fluid (TIF) surrounds and perfuses tumors and collects ions, metabolites,
proteins, and extracellular vesicles secreted by tumor and stromal cells. Specific …

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a B-lymphoproliferative disease, which consists of
the abnormal proliferation of CD19/CD5/CD20/CD23 positive lymphocytes in blood and …

Vaccines represent the most relevant contribution of immunology to human health. However,
despite the remarkable success achieved in the past years, many vaccines are still missing …