Evolution of RNA viruses occurs through disequilibria of collections of closely related mutant
spectra or mutant clouds termed viral quasispecies. Here we review the origin of the …

Novel DNA sequencing techniques, referred to as “next-generation” sequencing (NGS),
provide high speed and throughput that can produce an enormous volume of sequences …

Many microbial populations rapidly adapt to changing environments with multiple variants
competing for survival. To quantify such complex evolutionary dynamics in vivo, time …

Many viruses, including the clinically relevant RNA viruses HIV (human immunodeficiency
virus) and HCV (hepatitis C virus), exist in large populations and display high genetic …

RNA viruses within infected individuals exist as a population of evolutionary-related variants.
Owing to evolutionary change affecting the constitution of this population, the frequency …

Recent advances in nucleic acid sequencing technologies, referred to as 'next-generation'
sequencing (NGS), have produced a true revolution and opened new perspectives for …

Population (Sanger) sequencing has been the standard method in basic and clinical DNA
sequencing for almost 40 years; however, next-generation (deep) sequencing …

Abstract The development of High-Throughput Sequencing (HTS) technologies is having a
major impact on the genomic analysis of viral populations. Current HTS platforms can …

HIV-1 coreceptor tropism assays are required to rule out the presence of CXCR4-tropic (non-
R5) viruses prior treatment with CCR5 antagonists. Phenotypic (eg, Trofile™, Monogram …

With 29 individual antiretroviral drugs available from six classes that are approved for the
treatment of HIV-1 infection, a combination of different phenotypic and genotypic tests is …