Bilateral cochlear implantation is becoming a standard of care in many clinics. While much
benefit has been shown through bilateral implantation, patients who have bilateral cochlear …

The concept of resonance in nonlinear systems is crucial and traditionally refers to a specific
realization of maximum response provoked by a particular external perturbation. Depending …

Transduction of graded synaptic input into trains of all-or-none action potentials (spikes) is a
crucial step in neural coding. Hodgkin identified three classes of neurons with qualitatively …

In mammals, principal neurons of the medial superior olive (MSO) exhibit biophysical
specializations that enable them to detect sound localization cues with microsecond …

Neurons in the medial superior olive process sound-localization cues via binaural
coincidence detection, in which excitatory synaptic inputs from each ear are segregated onto …

Some neurons in the mammalian auditory system are able to detect and report the
coincident firing of inputs with remarkable temporal precision. A strong, low‐voltage …

Feedforward inhibition sharpens the precision of neurons throughout ascending auditory
pathways, including the binaural neurons of the medial superior olive (MSO). However, the …

Sound localization critically depends on detection of differences in arrival time of sounds at
the two ears (acoustic delay). The fundamental mechanisms are debated, but all proposals …

Highlights•Optogenetic stimulation of the auditory pathway promises unprecedented
research opportunities and a fundamental advance for hearing restoration.•Feasibility and …

In reverberant environments, acoustic reflections interfere with the direct sound arriving at a
listener's ears, distorting the spatial cues for sound localization. Yet, human listeners have …