Reviews have repeatedly noted important methodological issues in the conduct and
reporting of cluster randomized controlled trials (C-RCTs). These reviews usually focus on …

I consider seven misunderstandings that may be encountered about the nature, purpose
and properties of randomisation in clinical trials. Some concern the practical realities of …

Covariate-adaptive randomization schemes such as minimization and stratified permuted
blocks are often applied in clinical trials to balance treatment assignments across prognostic …

In randomized trials, comparability of the treatment groups is ensured through allocation of
treatments using a mechanism that involves some random element, thus controlling for …

Covariate-adaptive randomisation has a more than 45 years of history of applications in
clinical trials, in order to balance treatment assignments across prognostic factors that may …

In many clinical trials, baseline covariates could affect the primary outcome. Commonly used
strategies to balance baseline covariates include stratified constrained randomization and …

The complexity of clinical trials and multi-state hierarchic structure of different operational
processes require developing new predictive analytic techniques for efficient modeling and …

Biased-coin designs are used in clinical trials to allocate treatments with some randomness
while maintaining approximately equal allocation. More recent rules are compared with …

Covariate adaptive allocation is often adopted in sequential clinical trials to maintain the
balance of baseline covariates that could potentially confound the outcome of a trial. Several …

PURPOSE A previous study demonstrated that power against the (unobserved) true effect
for the primary end point (PEP) of most phase III oncology trials is low, suggesting an …