The classical functions of vitamin D are to regulate calcium-phosphorus homeostasis and
control bone metabolism. However, vitamin D deficiency has been reported in several …

Recent findings have provided a molecular basis for the combined contributions of
multifaceted risk factors for the onset of multiple sclerosis (MS). MS appears to start as a …

Background Patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) most commonly
experience their first symptoms between 20 and 40 years of age. The objective of this study …

The gut environment and gut microbiome dysbiosis have been demonstrated to significantly
influence a range of disorders in humans, including obesity, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis …

A functional immune system is essential for healthy life. This is achieved by the coordinate
activation and interaction of different immune cells. One should be aware that activation of …

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a leading cause of disability among young adults and
effects considerable social and economic burdens. Data of MS incidence in China at the …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex neurological condition that involves both inflammatory
demyelinating and neurodegenerative components. MS research and treatments have …

Abstract Background Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) is an inflammatory
disease of the central nervous system with preferential involvement of the optic nerve and …

Abstract Objective Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), such as physical, emotional,
and sexual abuse trigger inflammatory changes and have been associated with many …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system
(CNS) characterized by destruction of the myelin sheath structure. The loss of myelin leads …