I. Executive Summary Background The 5 years since the publication of the first International
Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed …

Bitter taste-sensing type 2 receptors (TAS2Rs or T2Rs), belonging to the subgroup of family
A G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), are of crucial importance in the perception of …

Humans can recognise five basic tastes: sweet, sour, salty, bitter and umami. Sour and salty
substances are linked to ion channels, while sweet, bitter and umami flavours are …

Bitter taste receptors (taste family 2 bitter receptor proteins; T2Rs), discovered in many
tissues outside the tongue, have recently become potential therapeutic targets. We have …

Taste receptors, first identified on the tongue, are best known for their role in guiding our
dietary preferences. The expression of taste receptors for umami, sweet, and bitter have …

Introduction Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) are G protein-coupled receptors identified on the
tongue but expressed all over the body, including in airway cilia and macrophages, where …

Sweetness is the preferred taste of humans and many animals, likely because sugars are a
primary source of energy. In many mammals, sweet compounds are sensed in the tongue by …

Intense sweeteners (IS) are often marketed as a healthier alternative to sugars, with the
potential to aid in combating the worldwide rise of diabetes and obesity. However, their use …

For protection from inhaled pathogens many strategies have evolved in the airways such as
mucociliary clearance and cough. We have previously shown that protective respiratory …

Bitter (T2R) and sweet (T1R) taste receptors have been implicated in sinonasal innate
immunity and in the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Taste receptors are …