The discovery of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has now been universally
acknowledged as a significant breakthrough in tumor therapy after the targeted treatment of …

Emerging evidence indicates that the detection and clearance of cancer cells via
phagocytosis induced by innate immune checkpoints play significant roles in tumor …

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has shown promise in hematologic
malignancies, but its application to solid tumors has been challenging,,–. Given the unique …

The cytotoxic activity of myeloid cells is regulated by a balance of signals that are transmitted
through inhibitory and activating receptors. The Cluster of Differentiation 47 (CD47) protein …

Calreticulin (CALR) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein involved in a
spectrum of cellular processes. In healthy cells, CALR operates as a chaperone and Ca2+ …

Immunotherapy has ushered in a new era in cancer treatment, and cancer immunotherapy
continues to be rejuvenated. The clinical goal of cancer immunotherapy is to prime host …

One hundred years have passed since the death of Élie Metchnikoff (1845–1916). He was
the first to observe the uptake of particles by cells and realized the importance of this …

Microglia regulate synaptic circuit remodeling and phagocytose synaptic material in the
healthy brain; however, the mechanisms directing microglia to engulf specific synapses and …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors, including those targeting CTLA‐4/B7 and the PD‐1/PD‐L1
inhibitory pathways, are now available for clinical use in cancer patients, with other …

Inhibitory immune checkpoint blockade has been one of the most significant advances in
anticancer therapy of the past decade. Research so far has largely focused on improving …