In the post-COVID-19 pandemic era, influenza virus infections continuously lead to a global
disease burden. Evaluating vaccine effectiveness against influenza infection is crucial to …

From 2020, influenza viruses circulation was largely affected by the global coronavirus
disease (COVID-19) pandemic, notably leading to the extinction of the B/Yamagata lineage …

Background The annual administration of the influenza vaccine is the most effective method
for preventing influenza. We have evaluated the effectiveness of the inactivated influenza …

Background: The influenza virus's high mutation rate requires the annual reformulation and
administration of the vaccine. Therefore, its vaccine effectiveness (VE) must be evaluated …

The antigenic variability of Influenza D virus (IDV), a recently identified pathogen with
significant implications for livestock and zoonotic diseases, presents unique challenges in …

We conducted a test negative study from November 2023 to June 2024, enrolling 4,367
children hospitalized with acute respiratory illness in Hong Kong. Among the children who …

Background: From 2020, influenza activities were largely affected by the coronavirus
disease (COVID-19) pandemic at the global scale. The B/Yamagata lineage has become …

Zoonotic influenza viruses, originating primarily from avian and swine populations, pose
significant public health challenges as they can cross the animal-human barrier. These …