A trace element, known as a minor element, is a chemical element whose concentration is
very low. They are divided into essential and non-essential classes. Numerous physiological …

Current antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively suppresses Human Immunodeficiency Virus
type 1 (HIV-1) in infected individuals. However, even long term ART does not eradicate HIV …

HIV-associated dementia (HAD) is an important complication of the central nervous system
in patients who are infected with HIV-1. Although the incidence of HAD has markedly …

A growing body of epidemiologic and experimental data point to chronic bacterial and viral
infections as possible risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's …

Microglia‐derived inflammatory neurotoxins play a principal role in the pathogenesis of
neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease …

In recent years, vast amounts of data on the mechanisms of neural de-and regeneration
have accumulated. However, only in disproportionally few cases has this led to efficient …

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can gain access to the central nervous system during
the early course of primary infection. Once in the brain compartment the virus actively …

Several trace elements are essential micronutrients and are required for various body
functions and well being of the immune system. The deficiencies of trace elements and …

Despite the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), neuronal cell death remains
a problem that is frequently found in the brains of HIV-1-infected patients. HAART has …

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of the central nervous system (CNS)
can result in neurological dysfunction with devastating consequences in a significant …