Most mitochondrial proteins are synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes and must be imported
across one or both mitochondrial membranes. There is an amazingly versatile set of …

Mitochondria fulfill central functions in bioenergetics, metabolism, and apoptosis. They
import more than 1,000 different proteins from the cytosol. It had been assumed that the …

Abstract About 10% to 15% of the nuclear genes of eukaryotic organisms encode
mitochondrial proteins. These proteins are synthesized in the cytosol and recognized by …

The complex and elaborate architecture of a neuron poses a great challenge to the cellular
machinery which localizes proteins and organelles, such as mitochondria, to necessary …

The assembly of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes is an
intricate process, which—given their dual-genetic control—requires tight co-regulation of two …

One of the most salient features of Bacillus subtilis and related bacilli is their natural capacity
to secrete a variety of proteins into their environment, frequently to high concentrations. This …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the site of membrane protein insertion, folding, and
assembly in eukaryotes. Over the past few years, a combination of genetic and biochemical …

Multipass membrane proteins contain two or more α-helical transmembrane domains
(TMDs) that span the lipid bilayer. They are inserted cotranslationally into the prokaryotic …

The basic machinery for the translocation of proteins into or across membranes is
remarkably conserved from Escherichia coli to humans. In eukaryotes, proteins are inserted …

Recent research has provided an abundance of new information on membrane
biochemistry. Now more than ever, it is essential to update our current understanding of …