Glutamate is the most commonly engaged neurotransmitter in the mammalian central
nervous system, acting to mediate excitatory neurotransmission. However, high levels of …

The uptake of calcium into and extrusion of calcium from the mitochondrial matrix is a
fundamental biological process that has critical effects on cellular metabolism, signaling …

Huntington disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by CAG repeat expansion
in the huntingtin gene (HTT) and involves a complex web of pathogenic mechanisms …

Ageing is an inevitable event in the lifecycle of all organisms, characterized by progressive
physiological deterioration and increased vulnerability to death. Ageing has also been …

Abstract Calcium ions (Ca2+) are some of the most versatile signalling molecules, and they
have many physiological functions, prominently including muscle contraction, neuronal …

Increasing numbers of individuals, particularly the elderly, suffer from neurodegenerative
disorders. These diseases are normally characterized by progressive loss of neuron cells …

Calcium is used in many cellular processes and is maintained within the cell as free calcium
at low concentrations (approximately 100 nM), compared with extracellular (millimolar) …

Neurodegenerative disorders are currently incurable devastating diseases which are
characterized by the slow and progressive loss of neurons in specific brain regions …

Mitochondria are dynamic cellular organelles that consistently migrate, fuse, and divide to
modulate their number, size, and shape. In addition, they produce ATP, reactive oxygen …

Alterations in mitophagy have been increasingly linked to aging and age-related diseases.
There are, however, no convenient methods to analyze mitophagy in vivo. Here, we …