Hexokinases are a family of ubiquitous exose-phosphorylating enzymes that prime glucose
for intracellular utilization. Hexokinase 2 (HK2) is the most active isozyme of the family …

Membrane-bound organelles are a wonderful evolutionary acquisition of the eukaryotic cell,
allowing the segregation of sometimes incompatible biochemical reactions into specific …

Mitochondrial calcium uptake has a central role in cell physiology by stimulating ATP
production, shaping cytosolic calcium transients and regulating cell death. The biophysical …

A variety of stimuli utilize an increase of cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration as a second
messenger to transmit signals, through Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum or …

The field of mitochondrial ion channels has recently seen substantial progress, including the
molecular identification of some of the channels. An integrative approach using genetics …

This review highlights the biological importance of mitochondrial energy metabolism and the
applications of multiple optical/electrochemical approaches to determine energy …

CD8+ T cells play a central role in anti-tumor immunity. Naïve CD8+ T cells are active upon
tumor antigen stimulation, and then differentiate into functional cells and migrate towards the …

Manganese (Mn) is an essential dietary nutrient, but an excess or accumulation can be toxic.
Disease states, such as manganism, are associated with overexposure or accumulation of …

Abstract The calcium ion (Ca2+) is the main second messenger that helps to transmit
depolarization status and synaptic activity to the biochemical machinery of a neuron. These …

Seed deterioration is a partially elucidated phenomenon that happen during the life of the
seed. This review describes the processes that lead to seed deterioration, including loss of …