Policy implementation is an interactive process between citizens and street‐level
bureaucrats. Although the literature has already addressed different factors that influence …

Existing research on bureaucratic encounters typically studies how bureaucrats' and clients'
characteristics influence frontline decision making. How social interactions between street …

Networks contain complex patterns of dependency and require multiple levels of analysis to
explain their formation, structure, and outcomes. In this Element, the authors develop the …

Attention to informal communication networks within public organizations has grown in
recent decades. While research has documented the role of individual cognition and social …

Despite the importance of peers in forming role expectations, fostering group identity, and
facilitating job learning, limited theory and empirical evidence exist on the antecedents of …

This article contributes to the network effectiveness literature by identifying the theoretical
mechanisms and network measures scholars in public administration and policy use to draw …

The COVID-19 pandemic further illuminated the importance of strategic human capital
management (SHCM). As the pandemic surged in the United States, employee retirement …

Street-level officers who have individual discretion and deal directly with clients to
implement public policy are referred to as street-level bureaucrats (Lipsky 1980 [2010]) …

Classic street-level bureaucracy literature has suggested that individual bureaucrats are
shaped by their work group. Work group colleagues can impact how bureaucrats perceive …

Public organizations have traditionally been geared to reducing uncertainty by means of
standardization and hierarchical control. In recent decades, managerial reforms and …