Biomarkers play an essential role in the management of patients with invasive breast
cancer. For selecting patients likely to respond to endocrine therapy, both oestrogen …

Estrogen Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer ER-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer,
which accounts for about 70% of all breast cancers, is heterogeneous. Antiestrogen therapy …

Background Medical practitioners use survival models to explore and understand the
relationships between patients' covariates (eg clinical and genetic features) and the …

Background Male breast cancer (BC) is rare, managed by extrapolation from female BC. The
International Male BC Program aims to better characterize and manage this disease. We …

Breast carcinomas can be stratified into different entities based on clinical behavior,
histologic features, and/or by biological properties. A classification of breast cancer should …

Recently, clinical trials have demonstrated promising efficacy for novel HER2-targeted
therapies in HER2-low breast cancers, raising the prospect of including a HER2-low …

The field of medicine is undergoing rapid digital transformation. Pathologists are now
striving to digitize their data, workflows, and interpretations, assisted by the enabling …

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, with different subtypes having a distinct
biological, molecular, and clinical course. Assessments of standard clinical and pathological …

Breast cancer intrinsic subtypes (IS) are biologically distinct entities, characterized by
specific natural gene expression patterns 1, 2. The most widely accepted IS are the Luminal …

Multigene signatures generate crucial prognostic information particularly useful for cancer
patients where clinical parameters and traditional immunohistochemical markers alone lead …