Earth's magnetic field is generated by fluid motions in the outer core. This geodynamo has
operated for over 3.4 billion years. However, the mechanism that has sustained the …

In this work we discuss various selected mission concepts addressing Venus evolution
through time. More specifically, we address investigations and payload instrument concepts …

The current state and surface conditions of the Earth and its twin planet Venus are drastically
different. Whether these differences are directly inherited from the earliest stages of …

The geodynamics of Earth and Venus operate in strikingly distinct ways, in spite of their
similar size and bulk density, resulting in Venus's absence of plate tectonics and young …

Planetary atmospheres are commonly thought to result from the efficient outgassing of
cooling magma oceans. During this stage, vigorous convective motions in the molten interior …

The early Earth's mantle is believed to have been highly reducing when it formed from a
magma ocean equilibrating with the core. Conversely, some geological evidence suggests …

This work reviews the long-term evolution of the atmosphere of Venus, and modulation of its
composition by interior/exterior cycling. The formation and evolution of Venus's atmosphere …

Planets are expected to conclude their growth through a series of giant impacts: energetic,
global events that significantly alter planetary composition and evolution. Computer models …

One of the unique aspects of Earth is that it has a fractionally large Moon, which is thought to
have formed from a Moon-forming disk generated by a giant impact. The Moon stabilizes the …

Geochemical and isotopic observations constrain the timing, temperature and pressure of
Earth's formation. However, to fully interpret these observations, we must know the degree of …