Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive disorder characterized by dopaminergic
neurodegeneration in the brain. The development of parkinsonism is preceded by a long …

A major challenge in Parkinson's disease is the variability in symptoms and rates of
progression, underpinned by heterogeneity of pathological processes. Biomarkers are …

Optical coherence tomography is a non-invasive, cost-efficient technique that provides high-
resolution in vivo imaging of retinal tissue. The peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer and …

Parkinson's disease is caused by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, originating in the
substantia nigra pars compacta and characterised by bradykinesia, rest tremor and rigidity …

Background Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is an optic neuropathy characterized by
progressive degeneration of the optic nerve that leads to irreversible visual impairment …

Background Dementia is a common and devastating symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD).
Visual function and retinal structure are both emerging as potentially predictive for dementia …

Background Retinal microvascular alterations have been previously described in
Parkinson's disease (PD) patients using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT …

Abstract Background and Objective: Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent
neurodegenerative brain diseases worldwide. Therefore, accurate PD screening is crucial …

Retinal thickness is related to Parkinson's disease (PD), but its association with the severity
of PD is still unclear. We conducted a Mendelian randomized (MR) study to explore the …

Background: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can detect visual alterations associated
with Parkinson disease, such as damage to the retinal nerve fiber layer or changes in retinal …