BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Children who experienced intrauterine growth restriction
(IUGR) may be at increased risk for adverse developmental outcomes in early childhood …

Background: Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR) is one of the most common noxious antenatal
conditions in humans, inducing a substantial proportion of preterm delivery and leading to a …

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is defined as the failure of the fetus to meet its growth potential
due to a pathological factor, most commonly placental dysfunction. Worldwide, FGR is a …

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between prenatal and postnatal preoperative
cerebral findings and NDO in infants with CHD who require corrective or palliative surgery …

Objectives To review systematically the evidence on impact of cerebral redistribution, as
assessed by fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) Doppler, on neurological outcomes in small …

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is most commonly caused by placental insufficiency, in
response to which the fetus adapts its circulation to preserve oxygen and nutrient supply to …

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) can emerge as a complication of placental dysfunction and
increases the risk for neurodevelopmental delay. Marked elevations of umbilical artery (UA) …

Objectives To describe placental pathological findings in late-onset small-for-gestational
age (SGA) births for which Doppler signs of placental insufficiency are lacking. Methods A …

Objectives To evaluate whether intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) adds further
neurodevelopmental risk to that posed by very preterm birth alone in terms of alterations in …

Disruption to the maternal environment during pregnancy from events such as hypoxia,
stress, toxins, inflammation, and reduced placental blood flow can affect fetal development …