The HIV replication cycle depends on the interaction of viral proteins with proteins of the
host. Unraveling host–pathogen interactions during the infection is of great importance for …

The type I interferons (IFNs) play a vital role in activation of innate immunity in response to
viral infection. Accordingly, viruses have evolved to employ various survival strategies to …

The nucleus of a eukaryotic cell is separated from the cytoplasm by a nuclear envelope, and
nuclear pores within the envelope facilitate nucleocytoplasmic transport and the exchange …

Upon viral infection, the host cell recognizes the invasion through a number of pattern
recognition receptors. Melanoma differentiation associated gene 5 (MDA5) and retinoic …

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are a major global health threat and in the future, may cause the
next pandemic. Although studies have partly uncovered the molecular mechanism of IAV …

Despite the importance of brown adipocytes as a therapeutic target for the prevention and
treatment of obesity, the molecular mechanism underlying brown adipocyte differentiation is …

Integrase (IN) is an essential enzyme that catalyzes integration of viral DNA into host cellular
genome. Among retroviruses, foamy virus is the first in which the X-ray crystal structure of IN …

Due to the broad host suitability of viral vectors and their high gene delivery capacity, many
researchers are focusing on viral vector-mediated gene therapy. Among the retroviruses …

The nucleus of a eukaryotic cell is separated from the cytoplasm by a nuclear envelope, and
nuclear pores within the envelope facilitate nucleocytoplasmic transport and the exchange …

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection accounts for 20 million annual infections worldwide. HEV
can be fatal in approximately 20− 30% of pregnant women. HEV infections are normally self …