The complement system plays a crucial role in the innate defense against common
pathogens. Activation of complement leads to robust and efficient proteolytic cascades …

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals.
The disease was initially described in the 16th century and was the first animal pathogen …

Viruses successfully infect host cells by initially binding to the surfaces of the cells, followed
by an intricate entry process. As multifunctional heterodimeric cell-surface receptor …

Many picornaviruses use cell-surface molecules belonging to the immunoglobulin
superfamily (IgSF) as their cellular receptors. These molecules usually consist of tandem …

Picornaviruses cover a large family of pathogens that have a major impact on human but
also on veterinary health. Although most infections in man subside mildly or …

When searching for their favorite host tissues, animal viruses frequently attach to cell-surface
receptors that have key roles in normal cell physiology. Integrins are prime examples of …

Evolution of receptor specificity by viruses has several implications for viral pathogenesis,
host range, virus-mediated gene targeting, and viral adaptation after organ transplantation …

Human parechoviruses (HPeVs) are members of the large and growing family of
Picornaviridae. Although originally described as echovirus 22 and 23 within human …

Human enteroviruses consist of more than 60 serotypes, reflecting a wide range of
evolutionary divergence. They have been genetically classified into four clusters on the …

Picornaviridae are a large virus family causing widespread, often pathogenic infections in
humans and other mammals. Picornaviruses are genetically and antigenically highly …