Numerous epidemiological and clinical studies have noted differences in the incidence and
severity of parasitic diseases between males and females. Although in some instances this …

Women mount more vigorous antibody-and cell-mediated immune responses following
either infection or vaccination than men. The incidence of most autoimmune diseases is also …

Menstruation has many of the features of an inflammatory process. The complexity and
sequence of inflammatory-type events leading to the final tissue breakdown and bleeding …

The foetal–placental unit is a semi-allograft and the immunological recognition of
pregnancy, together with the subsequent response of the maternal immune system, is …

Postpartum thyroiditis is a syndrome of transient or permanent thyroid dysfunction occurring
in the first year after delivery and based on an autoimmune inflammation of the thyroid. The …

Progesterone is a sex steroid hormone that plays a critical role in the establishment and
maintenance of pregnancy. This hormone drives numerous maternal physiological …

Worldwide, an increasing number of women use oral or injectable hormonal contraceptives.
However, inadequate information is available to aid women and health care professionals in …

Progesterone is indispensable in creating a suitable endometrial environment for
implantation, and also for the maintenance of pregnancy. Successful pregnancy depends on …

This review aims to provide a brief historical overview of the feto-maternal immunological
relationship, which profoundly influences the outcome of pregnancy. The initial question …

Recent observational studies indicate an association between the use of hormonal
contraceptives and acquisition and transmission of HIV-1. The biological and immunological …