Tumors are not only aggregates of malignant cells but also well-organized complex
ecosystems. The immunological components within tumors, termed the tumor immune …

SLC7A11/xCT is an antiporter that mediates the uptake of extracellular cystine in exchange
for glutamate. Cystine is reduced to cysteine, which is a rate-limiting precursor in glutathione …

Amino acid transporters mediate substrates across cellular membranes and their fine-tuned
regulations are critical to cellular metabolism, growth, and death. As the functional …

Background Solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) is a component of
cysteine/glutamate transporter, which plays a key role in tumor growth; however, its …

The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)–Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1
(KEAP1) regulatory pathway plays an essential role in protecting cells and tissues from …

Cellular redox homeostasis is an essential, dynamic process that ensures the balance
between reducing and oxidizing reactions within cells and thus has implications across all …

Cells detached from the extracellular matrix (ECM) can trigger different modes of cell death,
and the survival of ECM‐detached cells is one of the prerequisites for the metastatic …

Exposure of tumor cells to ionizing radiation (IR) alters the microenvironment, particularly the
fatty acid (FA) profile and activity. Moreover, abnormal FA metabolism, either catabolism or …

Cystine/glutamic acid reverse transporter (System Xc−), a member of the amino acid
transporter family, consists of two subunits, light chain xCT and heavy chain 4F2hc. xCT is …

Bioactive compounds (BCs) are known to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-
cancer properties by regulating the cellular redox balance and histone acetylation state. BCs …