Predicting the effects of drugs before human clinical trials is at the heart of drug screening
and discovery processes. The cost of drug discovery is steadily increasing owing to the …

The ultimate goal of most biomedical research is to gain greater insight into mechanisms of
human disease or to develop new and improved therapies or diagnostics. Although great …

Abstract'Organs-on-chips' are microengineered biomimetic systems containing microfluidic
channels lined by living human cells, which replicate key functional units of living organs to …

The underlying physical properties of microfluidic tools have led to new biological insights
through the development of microsystems that can manipulate, mimic and measure biology …

Regulation of cosmetic testing and poor predictivity of preclinical drug studies has spurred
efforts to develop new methods for systemic toxicity. Current in vitro assays do not fully …

The low probability of a drug candidate's clinical success, the time consumed and the high
cost of bringing a drug from concept to market emphasizes the need for new approaches to …

Motor units are the fundamental elements responsible for muscle movement. They are
formed by lower motor neurons and their muscle targets, synapsed via neuromuscular …

As we move towards the miniaturization of devices to perform tasks at the nano and
microscale, it has become increasingly important to develop new methods for actuation …

While in vitro cell based systems have been an invaluable tool in biology, they often suffer
from a lack of physiological relevance. The discrepancy between the in vitro and in vivo …

A pumpless, reconfigurable, multi-organ–on–a–chip system containing recirculating serum-
free medium can be used to predict preclinical on-target efficacy, metabolic conversion, and …