Approximately two decades after the first pioneering analyses, the study of shape asymmetry
with the methods of geometric morphometrics has matured and is a burgeoning field. New …

The mathematical/statistical software platform R has seen an immense increase in
popularity within the last decade. Its main advantages are its flexibility, a large repository of …

Increasingly, data on shape are analysed in combination with molecular genetic or
ecological information, so that tools for geometric morphometric analysis are required …

The foundations of geometric morphometrics were worked out about 30 years ago and have
continually been refined and extended. What has remained as a central thrust and source of …

The first edition of Geometric Morphometrics for Biologists has been the primary resource for
teaching modern geometric methods of shape analysis to biologists who have a stronger …

A thoroughly revised and updated edition of this introduction to modern statistical methods
for shape analysis Shape analysis is an important tool in the many disciplines where objects …

The analysis of shape is a fundamental part of much biological research. As the field of
statistics developed, so have the sophistication of the analysis of these types of data. This …

Geometric morphometrics is the statistical analysis of form based on Cartesian landmark
coordinates. After separating shape from overall size, position, and orientation of the …

Although most studies on integration and modularity have focused on variation among
individuals within populations or species, this is not the only level of variation for which …

Morphometric studies often consider parts with internal left‐right symmetry, for instance, the
vertebrate skull. This type of symmetry is called object symmetry and is distinguished from …