Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most frequent immune cells within tumor
microenvironment (TME). There is growing evidence that TAMs are involved in tumor …

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) infect, multiply, and finally remove tumor cells selectively, causing no
damage to normal cells in the process. Because of their specific features, such as, the ability …

Angiogenesis depends on proangiogenic and anti-angiogenic molecules that regulate
endothelial cell proliferation and migration. Well-regulated angiogenesis plays a pivotal role …

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been found to play a decisive role in cancer recurrence,
metastasis, and chemo‑, radio‑and immuno‑resistance. Understanding the mechanism of …

Melatonin is a serotonin-derived pineal gland hormone with many biological functions like
regulating the sleep-wake cycle, circadian rhythm, menstrual cycle, aging, immunity, and …

Irisin is a hormone-like molecule mainly released by skeletal muscles in response to
exercise. Irisin induces browning of the white adipose tissue and has been shown to …

Angiogenesis is an essential process involved in various physiological, including
placentation, and pathological, including cancer and endometriosis, processes. Melatonin …

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer in the world. There are many risk
factors involved in CRC. According to recent findings, the tumor microenvironment and feces …

Viruses as cancer therapies have attracted attention since the 19th century. Scientists
observation that viruses can preferentially lyse cancer cells rather than healthy cells, created …

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second cause of cancer death and the third most frequently
diagnosed cancer. Besides the lifestyle, genetic and epigenetic alterations, and …