Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by the activation of at least
several neurohumoral pathways that have a common role in maintaining cardiac output and …

In heart failure, it has been recognized that the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is
activated and the imbalance of the activity of the SNS and vagal activity interaction occurs …

Heart failure (HF) is a syndrome characterized by upregulation of the sympathetic nervous
system and abnormal responsiveness of the parasympathetic nervous system. 1 Evidence …

Despite improvements in pharmacotherapy, morbidity and mortality rates in community-
based populations with chronic heart failure still remain high. The increase in medical …

Accentuated sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) is a risk factor for cardiovascular events. In this
review, we investigate our working hypothesis that potentiated activity of neurons in the …

Rationale: Angiotensin converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2) is a new member of the brain renin-
angiotensin system, that might be activated by an overactive renin-angiotensin system …

Hypertension is one of the cardiovascular diseases that might cause cardiovascular
remodeling and endothelial dysfunction besides high blood pressure. Angiotensin II (Ang II) …

Chronic exposure to intermittent hypoxia (CIH) increases carotid sinus nerve activity in
normoxia and in response to acute hypoxia. We hypothesized that CIH augments basal and …

The cardiovascular autonomic imbalance in patients after myocardial infarction (MI) provides
a significant increase in mortality rate, and seems to precede metabolic, hormonal, and …

Angiotensin (Ang) II plays a critical role in cardiovascular and blood pressure regulation.
Ang II is produced by angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) and it interacts with the Ang AT …