Natural killer (NK) cells, initially identified for their rapid virus-infected and leukemia cell
killing and tumor destruction, are pivotal in immunity. They exhibit multifaceted roles in …

The innate immune pathway is receiving increasing attention in cancer therapy. This
pathway is ubiquitous across various cell types, not only in innate immune cells but also in …

Arginase activity and arginine metabolism in immune cells have important consequences for
health and disease. Their dysregulation is commonly observed in cancer, autoimmune …

Chronic inflammatory milieu in the tumor microenvironment (TME) leads to the recruitment
and differentiation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Polymorphonuclear (PMN) …

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute an important part of the tumor
microenvironment (TME) that regulates tumor progression. Tumor-derived signals, hypoxia …

Pediatric hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common primary liver malignancy in infants and
children. With great diversity and plasticity, tumor-infiltrating neutrophils were one of the …

Neutrophils play a Janus-faced role in the complex landscape of cancer pathogenesis and
immunotherapy. As immune defense cells, neutrophils release toxic substances, including …

Energy metabolism is a hub of governing all processes at cellular and organismal levels
such as, on one hand, reparable vs. irreparable cell damage, cell fate (proliferation, survival …

Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) sustain a tumour-supporting and
immunosuppressive milieu and therefore aggravate cancer prognosis. To modify TAM …

Annexin A2 (ANXA2) is a multifunctional calcium-and phospholipid-binding protein that
plays an important role in various cells. During pathogen infections, ANXA2 modulates the …