The uropygial gland is a holocrine complex exclusive to birds that produces an oleaginous
secretion (preen oil) whose function is still debated. Herein, I examine critically the evidence …

Cleidoic eggs possess very efficient and orchestrated systems to protect the embryo from
external microbes until hatch. The cuticle is a proteinaceous layer on the shell surface in …

Recently, there have been urgent economic and scientific demands to decrease the use of
chemical fungicides during the treatment of phytopathogens, due to their human health and …

Much of the growing interest in avian chemical signals has focused on the role of kin
recognition or mate attraction, often with an emphasis on males, with uropygial gland …

Avian malaria and related haemosporidian parasites can negatively impact fitness in many
songbirds. Research on the malaria infection and its physiological costs on their avian hosts …

The uropygial gland (preen gland) of birds plays an important role in maintaining feather
integrity and hygiene. Although a few studies have demonstrated potential defensive roles of …

Simple Summary Symbiotic bacteria and fungi facilitate the acquisition of nutrients to their
animal hosts, protect them against predators, parasites and diseases, and, in some ways …

Birds secrete preen oil from the uropygial (preen) gland which is used to maintain feather
integrity and communicate through odour. The uropygial secretion is believed to influence …

The function of uropygial glands (preen glands) has been subject to controversial debates.
In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial potential of preen gland secretions of turkeys …

Research on the mechanisms involved in host location by parasites is of paramount
importance and may aid in developing protective measures against them. This topic attains …