In the 19 th century, the discovery of general anesthesia revolutionized medical care. In the
21 st century, anesthetics have become indispensable tools to study consciousness. Here, I …

Brain tissue metabolism is distributed across several cell types and subcellular
compartments, which activate at different times and with different temporal patterns. The …

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a frequent neurological complication
encountered during the perioperative period with unclear mechanisms and no effective …

General anesthetic drugs have been associated with various unwanted effects including an
interference with mitochondrial function. We had previously observed increases of lactate …

Background Volatile anaesthetics are widely used in human medicine. Although generally
safe, hypersensitivity and toxicity can occur in rare cases, such as in certain genetic …

Organophosphate-based chemical agents (OP), including nerve agents and certain
pesticides such as paraoxon, are potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors that cause severe …

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is of high importance, among others, because of its
role in cellular respiration and in the operation of fuel cells. Recently, a possible relation …

Neural activity is finely tuned to produce normal behaviors, and disruptions in activity likely
occur early in the course of many neurodegenerative diseases. However, how neural activity …

Most of science involves making observations, forming hypotheses, and testing those
hypotheses, to form valid conclusions. However, a distinct, longstanding, and very …

Consciousness, defined as being aware of and responsive to one's surroundings, is
characteristic of normal waking life and typically is lost during sleep and general …