State intervention has long affected the stability of the global mineral and raw material
markets. Global energy transition has continued to boost demand for copper, lithium, cobalt …

The potential shortages of critical materials such as cobalt and lithium induced by the global
e-mobility transition have recently raised enormous concerns. Here, we map the global …

Recently, geopolitical conflicts continue to intensify, with profound effects on global supply
security of key mineral resources. Considering China's high dependence on foreign iron ore …

Recent years have seen increasing concerns on supply chain risks of lithium, a critical
material for achieving e-mobility transition and climate ambitions. These risks propagate …

Mostly produced as a by-product of zinc (Zn) mining, cadmium (Cd) is used in solar
photovoltaic cells, battery storage, alloys, pigments, plating, and in nuclear reactors …

Rapid advancements in clean energy technologies have spurred a significant surge in
China's demand for critical minerals. However, developing clean-energy-critical minerals …

The purpose of this quantitative study is to examine energy dependence's relationship with
economic prosperity in the United States through participative leadership decisions by …

Global carbon neutrality efforts have spurred the electric vehicle (EV) boom, increasing
lithium demand for power batteries. As the leader in EV adoption and the world's largest …

Lithium (Li) is essential for decarbonization strategies, such as electric vehicles and
renewable energy storage, experiencing the largest growth rates among metals required for …