Mechanical stress plays a critical role in cartilage development and homoeostasis.
Chondrocytes are surrounded by a narrow pericellular matrix (PCM), which absorbs …

In the synovial joint, mechanical force creates an important signal that influences
chondrocyte behavior. The conversion of mechanical signals into biochemical cues relies on …

Intraflagellar transport proteins (IFT) are required for hedgehog (Hh) signalling transduction
that is essential for bone development, however, how IFT proteins regulate Hh signalling in …

Wnt signalling pathways have key roles in joint development, homeostasis and disease,
particularly in osteoarthritis. New data is starting to reveal the importance of tightly regulating …

Cartilage is a connective tissue in the skeletal system and has limited regeneration ability
and unique biomechanical reactivity. The growth and development of cartilage can be …

Primary cilia are essential cellular organelles that are anchored at the cell surface
membrane to sense and transduce signaling. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) proteins are …

Type II collagen-positive (Col2+) cells have been reported as skeletal stem cells (SSCs), but
the contribution of Col2+ progenitors to skeletal development both prenatally and postnatally …

Long bones and the cranial base are both formed through endochondral ossification.
Elongation of long bones is primarily through the growth plate, which is a cartilaginous …

Primary cilia, present on most mammalian cells, function as a sensor to sense the
environment change and transduce signaling. Loss of primary cilia causes a group of …

The intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) related diseases occur in more than 90% of the
population older than 50 years. Owing to the lack of understanding of the cellular …