Computational social science is more than just large repositories of digital data and the
computational methods needed to construct and analyse them. It also represents a …

An estimated 61.5 million Americans encounter police annually and more than one million
are threatened or subjected to police use of force during these encounters. Much research …

The mission of policing is “to protect and serve,” but recent events suggest that many
Americans, and especially Black Americans, do not feel protected from the police …

Beginning in the 1970s, the United States began an experiment in mass imprisonment.
Supporters argued that harsh punishments such as imprisonment reduce crime by deterring …

We report novel empirical estimates of the race-specific effects of larger police forces in the
United States. Each additional police officer abates approximately 0.1 homicides. In per …

This paper examines race and police use of force using data on 1.6 million 911 calls in two
cities, neither of which allows for discretion in officer dispatch. Results indicate White officers …

The efficiency of any police action depends on the relative magnitude of its crime-reducing
benefits and legitimacy costs. Policing strategies that are socially efficient at the city level …

Abstract How has Black Lives Matter (BLM) influenced police lethal force? An event study
design finds census places with early BLM protests experienced a 10% to 15% decrease in …

Women are significantly underrepresented among police supervisors, middle managers,
and leaders in the United States. To investigate this problem, the current study examines …

Negative interactions with the legal system can inform adolescents' relationships with
schools. The present daily-diary study examined 13,545 daily survey assessments from 387 …