Increasing urban populations due to factors such as more comfortable life and immigration
have turned self-sufficient traditional cities into mega-cities and caused several new …

Solid waste collection (SWC) has been one of the growing challenges throughout the world
due to the development of urbanization and uncontrolled growth of the population. It is a …

Nowadays, population growth and urban development lead to having an efficient waste
management system (WMS) based on recent advances and trends. Alongside all functions …

Commercial waste collection is an essential service requiring efficient and reliable provision
for customers. At the operational level, one of the most challenging problems is to design a …

The staggering rate of waste generation due to industrialization, urbanization and
population growth has raised a pressing problem regarding environmental damages and …

Road freight transport is one of the sectors with the highest greenhouse gas emissions and
fuel consumption in the logistics industry. In recent years, due to the increase in carbon …

Sustainable management of municipal solid waste (MSW) collection has been of increasing
concern in terms of its economic, environmental, and social impacts in recent years. Current …

This paper presents a two-echelon vehicle routing problem (2E-VRP) with vehicle
synchronization at meeting points for the reverse logistic network to collect waste in the …

Waste collection is an important part of waste management system. Transportation costs and
carbon emissions can be greatly reduced by proper vehicle routing. Meanwhile, each …

Computational intelligence techniques have widespread applications in the field of
engineering process optimization, which typically comprises of multiple conflicting …