The entomology literature has historically suggested insects cannot feel pain, leading to
their exclusion from ethical debates and animal welfare legislation. However, there may be …

Male genitalia show patterns of divergent evolution, and sexual selection is recognised as
being responsible for this taxonomically widespread phenomenon. Much of the empirical …

Male structures specialized to contact females during sexual interactions often diverge
relatively rapidly over evolutionary time. Previous explanations for this pattern invoked …

Studies of hybridization have increased our understanding of the nature of species
boundaries, the process of speciation, and the effects of hybridization on the evolution of …

Genitalia are morphologically variable across many taxa and in physical contact during
intromission, but little is known about how variation in form correlates with function during …

The leading hypothesis for the evolution of male genital complexity proposes that genital
traits evolve in response to post-insemination sexual selection; that is, via cryptic female …

The evolutionary forces responsible for the evolution of animal genitalia have a long history
of controversy. Why the special interest in genitalia? In addition to the intrinsic interest of …

The Japanese Islands have been largely isolated from the East Asian mainland since the
Early Pleistocene, allowing the diversification of endemic lineages. Here, we explore …

Sexual conflict over mating can result in sex-specific morphologies and behaviours that
allow each sex to exert control over the outcome of reproduction. Genital traits, in particular …

In the Noctuidae, the owlet moths, the internal genitalia, ie the aedeagus and vesica (penis)
in the males, and the bursa copulatrix in the females, together form a lock-and-key …