The last ten years of attention research have witnessed a revolution, replacing a theoretical
dichotomy (top-down vs. bottom-up control) with a trichotomy (biased by current goals …

Highlights•Numerous neurocognitive factors contribute to sustained attention.•Attention
fluctuates alongside shifting arousal, effort, and resource allocation.•An information …

Models of attention often distinguish among attention subtypes, with classic models
separating orienting, switching, and sustaining functions. Compared with other forms of …

A hallmark of adaptation in humans and other animals is our ability to control how we think
and behave across different settings. Research has characterized the various forms …

Healthy aging is associated with numerous deficits in cognitive function, which have been
attributed to changes within the prefrontal cortex (PFC). This chapter summarizes some of …

Disparities in socioeconomic status (SES) lead to unequal access to financial and social
support. These disparities are believed to influence reward sensitivity, which in turn are …

In the current study, we examined whether participant motivation was associated with
fluctuations of attentional engagement and performance over time. We gauged participants' …

Novel paradigms have allowed for more precise measurements of sustained attention ability
and fluctuations in sustained attention over time, as well as the neural basis of fluctuations …

Across four experiments we examined the effects of goal-setting, feedback, and incentivizing
manipulations on sustained attention. In addition to measuring task performance, we …

A decrease in vigilance over time is often observed when performing prolonged tasks, a
phenomenon known as “vigilance decrement.” The present study aimed at testing some of …