For over 300 million years, insects have relied on symbiotic microbes for nutrition and
defence. However, it is unclear whether specific ecological conditions have repeatedly …

There is growing evidence that microorganisms are important 'hidden players' in insect–
plant interactions. Insect symbionts can directly affect these interactions by providing insects …

Larvae of the greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella) are an emerging animal model to study
the innate immune response and biodegradation of plastic polymers. Both of these complex …

The weevil superfamily Curculionoidea is the largest insect group and so the largest animal
group on earth. This taxon includes species which represent an important threat to many …

Spiroplamas are helical, cell wall‐less bacteria belonging to the C lass M ollicutes, a group
of microorganisms phylogenetically related to low G+ C, G ram‐positive bacteria …

Spiroplasmas are small, wall-less, helical, and motile bacteria classified within the class
Mollicutes. Spiroplasma has been identified as a lethal pathogen of four freshwater …

Species introduced to habitats outside their native range often escape control by their
natural enemies. Besides competing with native species, an alien species might also affect …

Some insects are infected with maternally inherited bacterial endosymbionts that protect
them against pathogens or parasitoids. The weevil Sitona obsoletus (= Sitona lepidus) is …

Recent studies suggest that endosymbionts of herbivore insects can be horizontally
transferred to other herbivores feeding on the same host plants, whereby the plant acts as …

Endosymbionts live symbiotically with insect hosts and play important roles in the evolution,
growth, development, reproduction, and environmental fitness of hosts. Weevils are one of …