The immune system ensures optimum T-effector (Teff) immune responses against invading
microbes and tumor antigens while preventing inappropriate autoimmune responses …

Glucocorticoid‐induced tumour necrosis factor receptor‐related protein (GITR, TNFRSF18,
and CD357) is expressed at high levels in activated T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs). In …

During host immune response, an initial and sufficient activation is required to avoid
infection and cancer, yet an excessive activation bears the risk of autoimmune reactivity and …

In recent years several studies investigated the role of T lymphocyte subpopulations in the
pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Pathogenic Th17 cells mediate pannus growth …

Historically, primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) was thought to be a T helper (h) 1 driven
disease due to the predominance of CD4+ T lymphocytes and their products in target organs …

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used to treat several diseases because of their powerful
anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects on immune cells and non-lymphoid …

Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an organ-specific immune disease characterized by the
presence of lymphocytic infiltration and serum autoantibodies. Previous studies have …

Autoimmune diseases decrease life expectancy and quality of life for millions of women and
men. Although treatments can slow disease progression and improve quality of life, all …

Introduction: Triggering of the glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related gene (GITR) increases
the activation of T lymphocytes and other immune system cells; furthermore, its ligand …

The loss of balance between regulatory T (Treg) and T helper 17 (Th17) causes loss of
tolerance against desmoglein (Dsg)-3 leading to pemphigus vulgaris (PV), an autoimmune …