The study of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) is rapidly progressing in many aspects. Novel
BoNTs are being discovered owing to next generation sequencing, but their biologic and …

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are produced by anaerobic bacteria of the genus
Clostridium and cause a persistent paralysis of peripheral nerve terminals, which is known …

Botulinum neurotoxins are known to have seven serotypes (BoNT/A–G). Here we report a
new BoNT serotype, tentatively named BoNT/X, which has the lowest sequence identity with …

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) and tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) are the most potent toxins
known and cause botulism and tetanus, respectively. BoNTs are also widely utilized as …

Vultures are scavengers that fill a key ecosystem niche, in which they have evolved a
remarkable tolerance to bacterial toxins in decaying meat. Here we report the first deep …

Clostridium botulinum, a polyphyletic Gram-positive taxon of bacteria, is classified purely by
their ability to produce botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT). BoNT is the primary virulence factor …

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), produced by various Clostridium strains, are a family of
potent bacterial toxins and potential bioterrorism agents. Here we report that an …

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are proteins produced by bacteria of the Clostridium family.
Upon oral ingestion, BoNT causes the neuroparalytic syndrome botulism. There are seven …

Botulinum neurotoxin injections are a valuable treatment modality for many therapeutic
indications and have revolutionized the field of aesthetic medicine so that they are the …

Botulinum neurotoxins are formulated biologic pharmaceuticals used therapeutically to treat
a wide variety of chronic conditions, with varying governmental approvals by country. Some …